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Chinese firm’s Lixun-1 ‘space tug’ eyes maiden flight in Q1 2027 after key propulsion tests_我的网站

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    The general assembly of the Lixun-1 upper stage Photo: Courtesy of CAS Space
    The Lixun-1 upper stage Photo: Courtesy of CAS Space
Lixun-1 upper stage, a versatile "space tug" developed by China's commercial space firm CAS Space, is scheduled to make its maiden flight in the first quarter of 2027 after completing a series of key propulsion-system tests, the developer and its chief designer told the Global Times on Tuesday.
The "tug" is designed to ferry satellites from one orbit to another and support missions ranging from constellation deployment to lunar exploration. 
While the main stages of a rocket carry payloads from the ground into an initial orbit, an upper stage takes over once the craft is in space. By repeatedly restarting its engine and changing orbit, Lixun-1 can deliver satellites to higher or different orbits, distribute multiple spacecraft to separate destinations during a single launch, or send probes onto trajectories toward the moon and beyond, Global Times learned from the developer.
Yang Haoliang, chief designer of the Lixun-1 upper stage, compared the system to a shuttle service. "If the regular stages of a launch vehicle are like a long-distance bus," - they carry the upper stage and satellites from Earth to a near-Earth parking orbit - the upper stage then takes over as a "space tug," carrying its satellite "passengers" onward to their designated orbital "stops," Yang explained. 
That capability can have a direct impact on how efficiently satellites are launched and operated, Yang said. If a satellite has to climb from an initial orbit to its final destination using its own engine, the process can consume a considerable amount of onboard propellant and reduce the fuel available during its operational life. An upper stage can instead perform that orbital transfer, helping conserve satellite fuel and potentially extend its service life.
It can also make one rocket launch do more work. Instead of releasing a batch of satellites into roughly the same orbit, Lixun-1 can repeatedly ignite its engine and maneuver between deployments, sending different satellites to different altitudes and inclinations. Yang said this would help accelerate constellation deployment while improving the efficiency of individual launches.
The practical ambitions behind the system are backed by a major technical milestone reached this month. In August, Lixun-1 completed its PV-001 integrated propulsion-system coordination firing test, during which the entire system operated smoothly for 566 seconds.  
Yang told the Global Times that the current Lixun-1 upper stage has a thrust of 20 kilonewtons and can achieve a specific impulse of 315 seconds, which he described as reaching an internationally leading level. The August firing covered the planned profile for the maiden mission, an important step before the system proceeds to flight testing.
The test was more than a demonstration of the engine itself. As an important system-level verification during development, it examined the coordination and engineering reliability of the engine pressurization system, propellant delivery system, propellant management system and servo-control system under the fully integrated configuration.
Of a series of tests that accumulated 5,211 seconds of firing time, the latest one focused on three core technologies: a high-thrust, high-performance 20-kilonewton upper-stage engine capable of multiple starts; balanced propellant delivery from multiple parallel tanks; and a highly reliable integrated electrical system. Their successful verification means Lixun-1 has completed its system-level testing and is ready to move into the flight-test phase, according to the developer.
Lixun-1 has been designed as a modular and generally adaptable upper stage rather than a system tied to only one rocket. It is intended to work with CAS Space's Kinetica-2 and Kinetica-2 heavy-lift variants as well as other launch vehicles, Yang said.
When paired with the Kinetica-2 family, Lixun-1 could significantly expand the rocket's mission range. For communications missions, it could deliver satellites to geosynchronous transfer orbit or even directly to geosynchronous orbit, conserving satellite propellant while supporting the deployment of high-throughput satellites and future 6G communications spacecraft.
For multi-satellite missions, the combination could distribute spacecraft to different orbital altitudes and inclinations during a single launch, potentially serving both low-Earth-orbit constellations and medium- or high-orbit payloads. For deep-space missions, it could place probes onto Earth-moon transfer trajectories and support lunar exploration, Yang said.
The upper stage is designed to be able to conduct more than 20 engine ignitions, autonomously plan orbital-transfer routes and operate under the vacuum and extreme temperature conditions of space. After completing payload deployment, it can also carry out orbital disposal maneuvers to reduce space-debris risks.
Yang said the Lixun-1 and Kinetica-2 combination is designed to cover the vast majority of commercial satellite launch requirements while retaining the ability to participate in major national space projects. More broadly, the upper stage forms part of CAS Space's effort to build launch capabilities reaching medium and high Earth orbits and deep space, extending the reach of China's commercial space sector toward higher orbits and more distant destinations.
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二 |       北京8月17日电 题：如何培育国家级零碳工厂、零碳算力设施  记者周圆  工业和信息化部日前印发《关于组织开展国家级零碳工厂建设工作的通知》，对国家级零碳工厂（含零碳算力设施）建设进行具体安排。

三 |   何为零碳工厂？清华大学碳中和研究院院长贺克斌介绍，零碳工厂不是绝对的“零”二氧化碳排放，而是通过技术创新、结构调整和管理优化等系统减排措施，充分挖掘减排潜力，在当前技术经济条件允许下，实现应减尽减并持续改进提升，保持工厂二氧化碳排放最低。  从五部门联合印发指导意见，引导工业企业试点建设零碳工厂，到“十五五”规划纲要提出“建设零碳工厂和园区”，再到《工业绿色低碳发展“十五五”规划》明确培育建设零碳工厂500个，今年以来，一系列政策接续落地，持续推动零碳工厂建设。  此次通知则标志着零碳工厂建设由顶层设计进入全面实施阶段。“通知按照分阶段梯度培育要求，选择具备一定建设基础、建设目标明确、实施路径清晰，并承诺在规定期限内完成建设目标的制造型企业、算力设施，择优纳入国家级零碳工厂建设名单，做好标杆引领。”工业和信息化部节能与综合利用司有关负责人说。  零碳工厂建成什么样？  通知设置了三项核心指标，即单位能耗碳排放、非化石能源消费占比、非化石能源电力消费物理认定量占比。

四 | “这些指标把国家级零碳工厂‘建成什么样’转化为可衡量、可评估、可验证的目标要求。”中国电子技术标准化研究院副院长陈大纪说。  陈大纪进一步解释说，单位能耗碳排放反映每消费一吨标准煤所对应的二氧化碳排放水平，不同行业可以选择不同建设路径，但最终都要体现为排放持续降低、逐步趋向于近零；非化石能源消费占比则引导企业加快用能结构绿色低碳转型；非化石能源电力消费物理认定量占比可以引导企业扩大非化石能源电力消费，提升非化石能源电力直接供给、就近利用和物理可溯源能力。  此外，三项核心指标并不是零碳工厂建设的全部内容。能否成为国家级零碳工厂，还要综合评估建设成效、路径合理性、数据真实性、管理规范性、带动作用等因素。  零碳工厂应该怎么建？  通知以评估指标体系为牵引，从科学算碳、源头减碳、过程脱碳、协同降碳、智能控碳等多维度勾勒出实施路径。  协同降碳是零碳工厂建设的重要支撑。

五 | 通知要求，说明开展重点产品碳足迹分析、推行零碳供应链管理等情况。  中国电子学会副秘书长曹学勤介绍，算力设施是当前我国能耗增长较快的领域之一，2025年我国算力设施用电量约占全社会用电量的1.6%。“未来算力设施应围绕设备采购、工程建设、能源供应、运维服务和算力应用等重点环节，加强上下游协同，推动低碳设备选型、绿色电力使用、绿色运维管理等措施落地，形成有益的建设经验。”  智能控碳是建设零碳工厂的核心路径。通知提出，建设运营数字化能碳管理平台；采用人工智能、工业互联网、物联网、大数据、区块链、数字孪生等技术。  以汽车行业为例，工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心副主任刘法旺认为，企业应以零碳工厂建设为契机，系统推进能碳管理数字化能力建设，建立全厂统一的数据采集网络，实现能耗与碳排放数据自动归集、实时传输，推动能碳管理从“被动统计”向“主动管控、智能优化”升级。  如何确保建设质量？  “及时调整完善建设方案”“建立常态化跟踪机制”“及时掌握建设进展”……通知明确零碳工厂建设工作“重技术、重建设、重实效”，而非一次性评价认定。  据悉，工业和信息化部将不定期对建设单位开展抽查核验，并按照“成熟一批，验收一批”的原则组织验收，通过验收评估的，正式成为国家级零碳工厂。  业内人士表示，随着建设工作的深入推进，将逐步培育形成一批能源结构持续优化、排放水平稳步降低、过程脱碳措施扎实、数据管理规范、带动作用突出的国家级零碳工厂，为工业领域绿色低碳转型探索可复制、可推广的实践路径，为培育绿色低碳新质生产力提供有力支撑。

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